By 2026, electric cars will be cheaper than combustion engines, the study predicts. Manufacturing costs for electric car batteries are falling.

Consumption costs with e-fuels will increase by 60 to 90 percent by 2045. For vehicles with batteries or fuel cells, they remain almost identical. The researchers predict that the battery will have a dominant position by the end of the decade. Probably also because there will be numerous affordable cars coming onto the market in the coming years. The Renault ID1 will cost less than 25,000 euros in 2027.