By 2026, electric cars will be cheaper than combustion engines, the study predicts. Manufacturing costs for electric car batteries are falling.

Consumption costs with e-fuels will increase by 60 to 90 percent by 2045. For vehicles with batteries or fuel cells, they remain almost identical. The researchers predict that the battery will have a dominant market position by the end of the decade because there will be numerous electric cars coming onto the market that will cost less than 50,000 euros in 2027.