In the war against Ukraine, the Russian military is also relying on aerosol weapons. Their further development and defense are a race for time.

The heaviest bomb to date weighed 1,500 kilograms (ODAB-1500). According to the head of Ukrainian military intelligence Kyrylo Budanov, Russia dropped them on the village of Velyka Pysarivka in Sumy Oblast. The fireball from this bomb could reach a height of up to 60 meters and was seen from neighboring villages and towns. In contrast, the Ukrainian military's access to thermobaric ammunition is limited. However, Ukraine inherited a certain amount for use in grenade launchers, flamethrowers and multiple rocket launchers from the Soviet Union. In 2019, the country also began using the newly developed thermobarIC hand grenades RGT-27S and RGT -27S2. It is part of the SAMP-T or “Mamba” air defense system with a range of 600 kilometers.